Q.1
It can be inferred from the passage that scientists now generally agree that the
- A. enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enable them to fly great distances
- B. structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats
- C. fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight
- D. pterosaurs were reptiles
- E. pterosaurs walked on all fours.
- Answer: D
Q.2
The authors views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as
- A. revolutionary
- B. unlikely
- C. unassailable
- D. probable
- E. outdated
- Answer: B
Q.3
According to the passage, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished form that of a bird by the
- A. size of its wingspan
- B. presence of hollow spaces in its bones
- C. anatomic origin of its wing strut
- D. presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet
- E. location of the shoulder joint joining the wind to its body
- Answer: C
Q.4
The ides attributed to T.H. Huxley in the passage suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?
- A. An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.
- B. An animal’s appearance dramatically over a period of time.
- C. Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance
- D. The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome
- E. The pterosaurs should be classifieds as birds, not reptiles.
- Answer: B
Q.5
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is characteristic of the pterosaurs?
- A. They were unable to fold their wings when not in use.
- B. They hung upside down from branches as bats do before flight
- C. They flew in order to capture prey
- D. They were an early stage in the evolution of the birds
- E. The lived primarily in a forest like habitat.
- Answer: A
Q.6
Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?
- A. New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view
- B. Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented, and each is disputed by means of specific information.
- C. Three hypotheses are outlined, and evidenced supporting each is given.
- D. Recent discoveries are described, and their implications for future study are projected
- E. A summary of the materials in the preceding paragraphs is presented, and conclusions are drawn.
- Answer: B
Q.7
It can be inferred from the passage that some scientists believe that pterosaurs.
- A. lived near large bodies of water
- B. had sharp teeth for tearing food
- C. were attacked and eaten by larger reptiles
- D. had longer tails than many birds
- E. consumed twice their weight daily to maintain their body temperature
- Answer: A
Q.8
Which of the following is the principle topic of the passage?
- A. What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering
- B. Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty
- C. Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment
- D. Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures
- E. How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities
- Answer: E
Q.9
The author uses “labor market problems’ in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following ?
- A. The over all causes of poverty
- B. Deficiencies in the training of the work force
- C. Trade relationships among producers of goods
- D. Shortages of jobs providing adequate income
- E. Strikes and inadequate supplies of labor
- Answer: D
Q.10
The author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that
- A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’s
- B. unemployment now has less severe effects
- C. social programs are more needed now
- D. there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty
- E. poverty has increased since the 1930’s
- Answer: B
Q.11
Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author ?
- A. Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.
- B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.
- C. New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.
- D. Consideration showed be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.
- E. The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.
- Answer: C
Q.12
The author’s purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that
- A. there are several factors that cause the payment of low wags to some members of the labor force
- B. unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness
- C. recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workers.
- D. A majority of those who are jobless at any one time do not suffer severe hardship
- E. There are fewer individuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would be expected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures
- Answer: B
Q.13
The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by
- A. the employed poor
- B. dependent children in single – earner families
- C. workers who become disabled
- D. retired workers
- E. full-time workers who become unemployed
- Answer: A
Q.14
According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the
- A. recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers
- B. possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per workers.
- C. Fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor
- D. Establishment of system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics
- E. Prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which other are employed
- Answer: E
Q.15
The conclusion stated about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends primarily on the point that
- A. in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long
- B. the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages
- C. those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work
- D. at different times during the year, different people are unemployed
- E. many of those who are affected by unemployment ae dependents of unemployed workers.
- Answer: D
Score: 0/10
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